Jul 22, 2019 · Many gold mining companies globally have reported a continuous decline in gold ore grade (Domínguez and Valero 2013; Neingo and Tholana 2016).Demand for most commodities, including gold, continues to grow and is unlikely to be met by discovery and recycling of metals alone (Kesler 2007; Valenta et al. 2018).In principle, the supply gap may be filled by discoveries of new deposits, increasing